Abstract: The image of the “Nagas Bathing Siddhartha”, an important theme in Buddhist art, was produced in India and has appeared successively in Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Tibet and other places in China during the process of Buddhism spreading to the east. However, its forms and contents differ in different regions and different periods. Therefore, it is conducive to understand the sinicization process of Indian Buddhist art and can deepen the understanding of the specific contents of Buddhist art exchanges to study the differences. The innovative point of view of this paper is that the distribution of “Nagas Bathing Siddhartha” is “regional,” and the variation of its style reflects the route and regional characteristics of Buddhist transmission.

Résumé: L’image du “Dragon baignant le prince” est un thème important dans l’art bouddhique. L’image est née en Inde, et pendant le processus de propagation du bouddhisme vers l’est, elle est apparue dans le Xinjiang, le Gansu, le Qinghai, le Shanxi, le Shaanxi, le Henan, le Shandong, le Jiangsu, le Sichuan, le Tibet et d’autres endroits en Chine. Cependant, la forme et le contenu de ces images sont différents selon les régions et les périodes. L’étude de cette différence est non seulement propice à la compréhension du processus de sinisation de l’art bouddhiste indien, mais approfondit également la compréhension du contenu spécifique de l’échange de l’art bouddhiste l’art entre la Chine et l’Inde.

Abstract Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most frequent chronic diseases with high morbidity worldwide, marked by degradation of the cartilage and bone, joint instability, stiffness, joint space stenosis and subchondral sclerosis. Due to the elusive mechanism of osteoarthritis (OA), we aimed to identify potential markers for OA and explore the molecular mechanisms underlying OA. Methods Expression profiles data of OA were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in OA. Functional annotation and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were performed. Then, nearby DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs was obtained. Moreover, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of nearby DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs was performed. Finally, expression validation of selected mRNAs and lncRNAs was performed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results In total, 2080 DEmRNAs and 664 DElncRNAs were determined in OA. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Endocytosis and Rap1 signaling pathway were significantly enriched KEGG pathways in OA. YWHAB, HSPA8, NEDD4L and SH3KBP1 were four hub proteins in PPI network. The AC093484.4/TRPV2 interact pair may be involved in the occurrence and development of OA. Conclusion Our study identified several DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs associated with OA. The molecular characters could provide more information for further study on OA.

RESUMO A fadiga causada pela marcha atlética é um tipo de sintoma que acomete os atletas após um período de prática do exercício, que pode ocasionar fraqueza dos membros, fadiga mental, fadiga muscular e outros fenômenos. Na ausência de alongamento e tratamento eficaz após o exercício, as lesões causadas pelo esporte podem afetar seriamente a função física dos atletas. A fim de aliviar de maneira eficaz a fadiga causada pela marcha atlética, o presente estudo se concentrou nos medicamentos manipulados na medicina tradicional chinesa (MTC), analisou o mecanismo de ação e eficácia medicinal dos medicamentos da MTC, e realizou experimentos de controle em 80 camundongos do tipo ICR masculinos. Os camundongos do grupo experimental receberam treinamento sedentário e treinamento de corrida em grupo. Os resultados mostraram que os dois grupos de camundongos ICR, após treino de marcha atlética, apresentavam sintomas de fadiga, e grande quantidade de ácido láctico sérico, além de outras substâncias, enquanto os camundongos do grupo D tratados com gavagem do medicamento manipulado tiveram sintomas de fadiga, mas com redução do teor sanguíneo de ureia e ácido láctico, fibras musculares gastrocnêmias uniformemente arranjadas, linhas transversais regulares, e efeito rebote da expressão proteica. Isto mostra que os medicamentos manipulados da medicina chinesa podem desempenhar um papel significativo no alívio da fadiga causada pela marcha atlética.

ABSTRACT Racewalking fatigue is a kind of fatigue symptom after a period of racewalking, which may lead to limb weakness, mental fatigue, muscle fatigue and other phenomena. If we do not timely adjust the stretching and effective treatment after exercise, it is very easy to produce sports injury and seriously affect the athletes’ physical function. In order to effectively alleviate the fatigue of racewalking, this study focused on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounded medication, analyzed the mechanism of action and medicinal effectiveness of the TCM compound, and carried out control experiment on 80 male ICR mice. The mice in the experimental group were given sedentary training and racewalking training in groups. The results showed that the two groups of ICR mice, after racewalking training, had exercise fatigue symptoms and a large amount of serum lactic acid and other substances, while mice in group D treated by gavage of traditional Chinese medicine compounded medication had the symptoms of exercise fatigue, but the contents of blood urea nitrogen and lactic acid were decreased, the gastrocnemius muscle fibers were evenly arranged, the transverse lines were neat, and a rebound of protein expression. This shows that Chinese medicine compound can play a significant role in relieving racewalking fatigue.

RESUMEN La fatiga causada por la marcha atlética es un tipo de síntoma que afecta los atletas después de un período de práctica del ejercicio, que puede ocasionar debilidad de los miembros, fatiga mental, fatiga muscular y otros fenómenos. En ausencia de elongación y tratamiento eficaz después del ejercicio, las lesiones causadas por el deporte pueden afectar seriamente la función física de los atletas. A fin de aliviar de manera eficaz la fatiga causada por la marcha atlética, el presente estudio se concentró en los medicamentos manipulados en la medicina tradicional china (MTC), analizó el mecanismo de acción y eficacia medicinal de los medicamentos da MTC, y realizó experimentos de control en 80 ratones del tipo ICR masculinos. Los ratones del grupo experimental recibieron entrenamiento sedentario y entrenamiento de carrera en grupo. Los resultados mostraron que los dos grupos de ratones ICR, después de entrenamiento de marcha atlética, presentaban síntomas de fatiga, y gran cantidad de ácido láctico sérico, además de otras sustancias, mientras que los ratones del grupo D tratados con gavaje del medicamento manipulado tuvieron síntomas de fatiga, pero con reducción del tenor sanguíneo de urea y ácido láctico, fibras musculares del gastrocnemio uniformemente arregladas, líneas transversales regulares, y efecto rebote de la expresión proteica. Esto muestra que los medicamentos manipulados de la medicina china pueden desempeñar un papel significativo en el alivio de la fatiga causada por la marcha atlética.

Experiments in soil columns were conducted to evaluate the single and interactive effects of water, salt and nitrogen stress at different sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth stages in Hetao Irrigation District, China. The study factors included soil salinity (S0: ECe=2.5-3.6 dS m-1; S1: ECe=9.6-10.7 dS m-1), soil moisture (W0: 35％-55％of field water capacity; W1: 75％-100％of field water capacity), and nitrogen application rates (N0: 0 kg N ha-1; N1: 135 kg N ha-1). The results indicated that the S1 treatments increased the duration of the seedling stages by 23.91% but decreased the duration of maturity by 33.09% on average compared with the S0 treatments. Similarly, water deficit significantly retarded anthesis and prolonged the total growth period. The comprehensive stress assessment index (CSAI) was obtained using principal component analysis (PCA) and membership function analysis (MFA). The CSAIs in different treatments showed that soil salinity was the main limiting factor for sunflower vegetative growth from seeding to bud (SS1), whereas water stress dominated the development from bud to flowering (SS2) and flowering to maturity (SS3). Although statistically non-significant, nitrogen stress was intensified after bud initiation and the CSAI in W1S0N0 treatment was 40.68% lower than W1S1N1 treatment in SS3. Moreover, the interactive effects of the three factors were complicated. Our experiments suggested that adequate water supply after bud initiation and the reasonable nitrogen application rate (135 kg N ha-1) can alleviate adverse effects on sunflower reproductive growth under different saline conditions.